Systematic list of bivalves in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Jonathan  A. Todd

Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum,
Cromwell Road, London, U.K. SW7 5BD
J.Todd@nhm.ac.uk


-Systematic List-

Introduction

The following list provides a current systematic framework and summary of the taxonomic diversity of Panama Paleontology Project (PPP) mollusc collections collected, curated and identified from project inception till October 2000. The great majority of the taxa and taxonomic names used in the Bivalve life habits database and Mollusc Occurrence 2000 database are common to both documents. However, the nomenclature or inclusiveness of a few taxa has changed since that document was prepared. Systematic notes detail these changes and allow taxa within these databases to be connected with the current systematics presented here.
 

Scope

This list is of currently identified and databased taxa in PPP fossil collections made from the Bocas del Toro, Canal and Chucunaque basins (Panama) and Southern Limon Basin (Costa Rica) from deposits of upper Middle Miocene through to Pleistocene age (see Coates & Obando 1996, Coates 1999) and Recent dredged collections from the Caribbean Sea from off Nicaragua, Honduras and Panama. Recent East Pacific material dredged from off Panama has been included but pre-Central American Seaway closure faunas from the (now) Pacific side of the Isthmus of Panama are currently excluded. The fossils are held in the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland and the Recent material is currently held in the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama.
 

Systematics

From familial -level upwards, the systematics largely follows that used for Recent taxa in The Southern Synthesis. I have made two important changes. Firstly, I have used Maxwell’s (1988) nomenclature and classification of the protobranch families. Secondly, I have recognised the family level classification of the Superfamily Galeommatoidea as used by Chavan (1969) in ‘The Treatise’ (as Superfamily Leptonacea), recognizing that this intriguing group requires intensive study and resystematization. I have also followed Allen’s (2001) transfer of the Kelliellidae from Superfamily Arcticoidea to Glossoidea. I have not ordered the taxa in the traditional manner by which higher groups are placed in relative degrees of proximity according to an unspecified criterion of “relatedness”. Instead, I have placed subgenera (if recognized) in alphabetical order within a genus, genera alphabetically within a family, families alphabetically within superfamilies and so on through to the level of subclass (e.g., Protobranchia, Pteriomorphia, Heterodonta and Anomalodesmata), which are given in the standard order. Hierarchical rank is not specified, but relative ranking is shown from subclass level downwards by degree of indentation from the margin. Authors and dates are given only for families.
 

Open nomenclature

Distinct putative taxa whose affinities within a family are uncertain are sometimes indicated in the manner of  ‘TellinidA’, with a research worker given as ‘author’ of this information. The referred specimens may represent an undescribed taxon or a taxon whose identity remains obscure despite the worker’s best efforts to find an available name. Some genera or subgenera are referred to by the formula Xus*aff.1. This indicates a putative undescribed taxon which is considered conchologically closest to the taxon to which the suffix is appended.  An asterisk after the author and date indicatesthat the identifications still require detailed verification. “Trash-can” taxa are indicated as “Xus”.
Some taxa have the form Xus*prob showing their probable identification, but the nomenclature is yet to be settled.
 

References

ALLEN, J. A. 2001.The family Kelliellidae (Bivalvia: Heterodonta) from the deep Atlantic and its relationship with the family Vesicomyidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 131: 199-226.

BEESLEY, P. L., ROSS, G. J. B. and WELLS, A. (eds) 1998. Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 5 Part A, xvi, 563 pp. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

CHAVAN, A. 1969. Superfamily Leptonacea Gray, 1947. Pp. 518-537 In Cox, L. R., Newell, N. D., Boyd, D. W., Branson, C. C., Casey, R., Chavan, A., Coogan, A. H., Dechaseaux, C., Fleming, C. A., Haas, F., Hertlein, L. G., Kauffman, E. G., Keen, A. M., LaRocque, A., McAlester, A. L., Moore, R. C., Nuttall, C. P., Perkins, B. F., Puri, H. S., Smith, L. A., Soot-Ryen, T., Stenzel, H. B., Trueman, E. R., Turner, R. D., and Weir, J., (eds), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part N. Volume 2 (of 3). Mollusca, Bivalvia, The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, Lawrence and Boulder, pp. 653-655.

COATES, A. G. 1999. Lithostratigraphy of the Neogene strata of the Caribbean coast from Limon, Costa Rica to Colon, Panama. Pp.17-40 In Collins, L. S. & Coates, A. G. (eds), A paleobiotic survey of Caribbean faunas from the Neogene of the Isthmus of Panama. (Bulletins of American Paleontology, 357). 351 pp.

_____________,  and OBANDO, J. A.  1996. The Geologic evolution of the Central Americam Isthmus. Pp. 21-56 In Jackson, J. B. C., Budd, A. F. & Coates, A. G., Evolution and environment in Tropical America. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 425 pp.

MAXWELL, P. A. 1988. Comments on “A reclassification of the Recent genera of the Subclass Protobranchia (Mollusca: Bivalvia)” by J. A. Allen and F. J. Hannah (1986). Journal of Conchology, 33: 85-96.



Systematic list of bivalves in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

BIVALVIA
PROTOBRANCHIA
      NUCULOIDA
 Nuculanoidea
  Malletiidae H. & A. Adams, 1858
   Malletia des Moulins, 1832
  Neilonellidae Allen, 1978
   Neilonella Dall, 1881
  Nuculanidae H. & A. Adams, 1858
   Adrana H. & A. Adams, 1858
   Calorhadia Stewart, 1930
   Costelloleda Hertlein & Strong, 1940
   Jupiteria Bellardi, 1875
   Ledella Verrill & Bush, 1897*
   Nuculana Link, 1807 Politoleda Hertlein & Strong, 1940
   Nuculana Link, 1807 Thestyleda Iredale, 1929
   Propeleda Iredale, 1924
   Saccella Woodring, 1925
  Sareptidae A. Adams, 1860
   Yoldia Moller, 1842
   Yoldiella Verrill & Bush, 1897
  Tindariidae Verrill & Bush, 1897
   Tindaria Bellardi, 1875
Nuculoidea
  Nuculidae Gray, 1824
   Acila H. & A. Adams, 1858
   Leionucula Quenstedt, 1930
   Nucula Lamarck, 1797 Lamellinucula Schenck, 1944
   Nucula Lamarck, 1797 Nucula Lamarck, 1797
   Nucula*aff.1 Todd PPP
   Varinucula*aff.1 Todd PPP
      SOLEMYOIDA
 Nucinelloidea
  Nucinellidae Vokes, 1956
   Nucinella Wood, 1851
PTERIOMORPHIA
      ARCOIDA
 Arcoidea
  Arcidae Lamarck, 1809
   Acar Gray, 1857
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Caloosarca Olsson, 1961
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Cunearca Dall, 1898
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Diluvarca Woodring, 1925
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Esmerarca Olsson, 1961
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Grandiarca Olsson, 1961
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Larkinia Reinhart, 1935
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Potiarca Iredale, 1939
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Rasia Gray, 1857
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Sectiarca Olsson, 1961
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Sectiarca*aff.1 Todd PPP
   Anadara Gray, 1847 Tosarca Noda, 1965
   Arca Linnaeus, 1758 Arca Linnaeus, 1758
   Barbatia Gray, 1842 Barbatia Gray, 1842
   Barbatia Gray, 1842 Cucullaearca Conrad, 1865
   Barbatia Gray, 1842 Fugleria Reinhart, 1937
   Barbatia Gray, 1842 Obliquarca Sacco, 1898
   Bathyarca Kobelt, 1891
   Bathyarca*aff.1 Todd PPP
   Calloarca Gray, 1857 Calloarca Gray, 1857
   Calloarca Gray, 1857 Taeniarca Olsson, 1965
   Lunarca Gray, 1857
   Lunarca*aff.1 Todd PPP
  Noetiidae Stewart, 1930
   Arcopsis von Koenen, 1895
   Eontia MacNeil, 1937
   Noetia Gray, 1857 Noetia Gray, 1857
   Sheldonella Maury, 1917
 Limopsoidea
  Glycymerididae Newton, 1922
   Axinactis Mörch, 1861 Axinactis Mörch, 1861
   Axinactis Mörch, 1861 Glycymerella Woodring, 1925
   Bellaxinaea Nicol, 1984
   Tucetona Iredale, 1931
  Limopsidae Dall, 1895
   Limopsis Sassi, 1827
   Pectunculina d'Orbigny, 1843
      LIMOIDA
 Limoidea
  Limidae Rafinesque, 1815
   Acesta H. & A. Adams, 1858
   Ctenoides Mörch, 1853
   Divarilima Powell, 1958
   Lima Bruguière, 1797 Lima Bruguière, 1797
   Limaria Link, 1807 Limaria Link, 1807
   Limatula Wood, 1839
   Limea Bronn, 1831
      MYTILOIDA
 Mytiloidea
  Mytilidae Rafinesque, 1815
   Amygdalum Megerle, 1811
   Botula Mörch, 1853
   Brachidontes Swainson, 1840
   Crenella Brown, 1827
   Crenella*aff.1 Todd PPP
   Dacrydium Torell, 1859
   Gregariella Monterosato, 1883
   Ischadium Jukes-Browne, 1905
   Lioberus Dall, 1898
   Lithophaga Röding, 1798
   Modiolus Lamarck, 1799
   Musculus Röding, 1798 Ryenella Fleming, 1959
   Mytella Soot-Ryen, 1955
   Mytiloconcha Conrad, 1862
   Mytilus Linnaeus, 1758
   Scolimytilus Olsson, 1961
   Septifer Récluz, 1848
      OSTREOIDA
 Anomioidea
  Anomiidae Rafinesque, 1815
   Anomia Linnaeus, 1758
   Carolia Cantraine, 1838
   Pododesmus Philippi, 1837
  Placunidae Gray, 1840
   Placunanomia Broderip, 1832
 Dimyoidea
  Dimyidae Fischer, 1886
   Dimya Rouault, 1850
  Plicatulidae Watson, 1930
   Plicatula Lamarck, 1801
 Ostreoidea
  Gryphaeidae Vyalov, 1936
   Hyotissa Stenzel, 1971
  Ostreidae Rafinesque, 1815
   Crassostrea Sacco, 1897
   Dendostrea Swainson, 1835
   Ostreola Monterosato, 1884
   Saccostrea Dollfus & Dautzenberg, 1920
   Striostrea Vyalov, 1936
   Undulostrea Harry, 1985
 Pectinoidea
  Pectinidae Wilkes, 1810
   Aequipecten Fischer, 1886
   Amusium Röding, 1798
   Argopecten Monterosato, 1889
   Bractechlamys* prob. Iredale, 1939
   Caribachlamys Waller, 1993
   “Chlamys” Röding, 1798
   Cryptopecten Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938
   Delectopecten Stewart, 1930
   “Euvola” Dall, 1898
   Euvola Dall, 1898 “Oppenheimopecten” Teppner, 1922
   Excellichlamys Iredale, 1939
   “Flabellipecten” Sacco, 1897
   Laevichlamys Waller, 1993
   Lepidopecten Woodring, 1982
   Leptopecten Verrill, 1887 Leptopecten Verrill, 1887
   Leptopecten Verrill, 1887 Pacipecten Olsson, 1961
   Lindapecten Petuch, 1988
   Nodipecten Dall, 1898
   Palliolum Monterosato, 1884
   PectinidA Smith PPP
   PectinidC Smith PPP
   Pseudamussium Mörch, 1853 Peplum Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus,1889
   Spathochlamys Waller, 1993
   Spathochlamys*aff.1 Todd PPP
  Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954
   Cyclopecten Verrill, 1897
   Propeamussium de Gregorio, 1897
   Spondylidae Gray, 1826
   Spondylus Linnaeus, 1758
      PTERIOIDA
 Pterioidea
  Isognomonidae Woodring, 1925
   Isognomon Solander, 1786
  Pteriidae Gray, 1847
   Pinctada Röding, 1798
   Pteria Scopoli, 1777
 Pinnoidea
  Pinnidae Leach, 1819
   Atrina Gray, 1842
   Pinna Linnaeus, 1758
HETERODONTA
      VENEROIDA
 Cardioidea
  Cardiidae Lamarck, 1809
   Acrosterigma Dall, 1900
   Agnocardia Stewart, 1930
   Americardia Stewart, 1930
   Dinocardium Dall, 1900
   Fragum*aff. 1 Todd PPP
   Laevicardium Swainson, 1840
   Lophocardium Fischer, 1887
   Microcardium Thiele, 1934
   Papyridea Swainson, 1840
   Trachycardium Mörch, 1853 Dallocardia Stewart, 1930
   Trachycardium Mörch, 1853 Mexicardia Stewart, 1930
   Trachycardium Mörch, 1853 Phlogocardia Stewart, 1930
   Trachycardium Mörch, 1853 Trachycardium Mörch, 1853
   Trigoniocardia Dall, 1900 Apiocardia Olsson, 1961
   Trigoniocardia Dall, 1900 Goniacardia Stewart, 1930
   Trigoniocardia Dall, 1900 Trigoniocardia Dall, 1900
 Carditoidea
  Carditidae Fleming, 1828
   Carditamera Conrad, 1838 Byssomera Olsson, 1961
   Carditamera Conrad, 1838 Carditamera Conrad, 1838
   Cardites Link, 1807
   Cyclocardia Conrad, 1867
   Glyptoactis Stewart, 1930 Glyptoactis Stewart, 1930
   Pleuromeris Conrad, 1867
   Strophocardia Olsson, 1961
   Venericardia*aff. 1 Todd PPP
  Condylocardiidae Bernard, 1897
   Condylocardia Bernard, 1896
 Chamoidea
  Chamidae de Blainville, 1825
   Arcinella Schumacher, 1817
   Chama Linnaeus, 1758
   Pseudochama Odhner, 1917
 Corbiculoidea
  Corbiculidae Gray, 1847
   Polymesoda Rafinesque, 1820 Egeta H. & A. Adams, 1858
   Polymesoda Rafinesque, 1820 Polymesoda Rafinesque, 1820
 Crassatelloidea
  Cardiniidae Zittel, 1881 ?
   Tellidorella Berry, 1963
  Crassatellidae Férussac, 1822
   Crassinella Guppy, 1874
   Eucrassatella Iredale, 1924 Eucrassatella Iredale, 1924
   Eucrassatella Iredale, 1924 Hybolophus Stewart, 1930
 Dreissenoidea
  Dreissenidae Gray, 1840
   Mytilopsis Conrad, 1857
 Galeommatoidea
  Erycinidae Deshayes, 1850
   Erycina Lamarck, 1805
  Galeommatiidae Gray, 1840
   Cymatioa Berry, 1964
  Kelliidae Forbes & Hanley, 1878
   Aligena Lea, 1846 Aligena Lea, 1846
   Bornia Philippi, 1836
   Kellia Turton, 1822
  Lasaeidae Gray, 1847
   Amerycina Chavan, 1959
  Leptonidae Gray, 1847
   Lepton Turton, 1822
   Temblornia Keen, 1943
  Montacutidae Clark, 1855
   Isorobitella Keen, 1962
   Mysella Angas, 1877 Mysella Angas, 1877
   Orobitella Dall, 1900
   Pythinella Dall, 1899
  Sportellidae Dall, 1889
   Basterotia C. Mayer, 1859
   Sportella Deshayes, 1858 Fabella Conrad, 1863
 Glossoidea
  Glossidae Gray, 1847
   Meiocardia H. & A. Adams, 1857
  Kelliellidae Fischer, 1887
   Alveinus Conrad, 1865
   Kelliella M. Sars, 1870
 Lucinoidea
  Lucinidae Fleming, 1828
   Anodontia Link, 1807
   Callucina Dall, 1901 Callucina Dall, 1901
   Cavilinga Chavan, 1937
   Codakia Scopoli, 1777 Codakia Scopoli, 1777
   Ctena Mörch, 1860 Ctena Mörch, 1860
   Divalinga Chavan, 1951 Divalinga Chavan, 1951
   Divaricella von Martens, 1880 Egracina Chavan, 1951
   Divaricella Bruguière, 1797*
   Here Gabb, 1866
   Lepilucina Olsson, 1965*
   Lucinisca Dall, 1901
   Lucinoma Dall, 1901
   Lucinoma* aff. 1 Todd PPP
   Myrtea Turton, 1822
   Parvilucina Dall, 1901
   Pegophysema Stewart, 1930
   Pleurolucina Dall, 1901
   Radiolucina Britton, 1972
  Thyasiridae Dall, 1901
   Thyasira Leach, 1818
  Ungulinidae H. & A. Adams, 1857
   Diplodonta Bronn, 1831 Diplodonta Bronn, 1831
   Felaniella Dall, 1899 Felaniella Dall, 1899
   Microstagon Cossmann, 1896
   Phlyctiderma Dall, 1899
   Timothynus Harris & Palmer, 1946
 Mactroidea
  Mactridae Lamarck, 1809
   Anatina Schumacher, 1817
   Harvella Gray, 1853
   Mactra Linnaeus, 1767 Mactrotoma Dall, 1894
   Mactra Linnaeus, 1767 Mactrotoma*aff. 1 Todd PPP
   Mactra Linnaeus, 1767 Micromactra Dall, 1894
   Mactrellona Marks, 1915
   Mulinia Gray, 1837
   Raeta Gray, 1853
   Spisula Gray, 1837
 Solenoidea
  Pharidae H. & A. Adams, 1856
   Ensis Schumacher, 1817
  Solenidae Lamarck, 1809
   Solena Mörch, 1853 Solena Mörch, 1853
 Tellinoidea
  Donacidae Fleming, 1828
   “Donax” Linnaeus, 1758
   Iphigenia Schumacher, 1817
  Psammobiidae Fleming, 1828
   Asaphis Modeer, 1793
   Sanguinolaria Lamarck, 1799
  Semelidae Stoliczka, 1870
   Abra Leach, 1818
   Cumingia Sowerby, 1833
   Ervilia Turton, 1822
   Semele Schumacher, 1817
   Semelina Dall, 1900
  Solecurtidae d'Orbigny, 1846
   Tagelus Gray, 1847 Mesopleura Conrad, 1868
   Tagelus Gray, 1847 Tagelus Gray, 1847
   Solecurtus Blainville, 1824
  Tellinidae de Blainville, 1814
   Acorylus Olsson & Harbison, 1953
   Angulus Megerle, 1811
   Arcopagia Leach, 1827
   Cymatoica Dall, 1889
   Elliptotellina Cossmann, 1886
   Elpidollina Olsson, 1961
   Eurytellina Fischer, 1887
   Florimetis Olsson & Harbison, 1953
   Lyratellina Olsson, 1961
   Macoma Leach, 1819 Macoma Leach, 1819
   Macoma Leach, 1819 Rexithaerus*prob. Conrad in Tryon, 1869
   Merisca Dall, 1900
   Miratellina Woodring, 1982
   Moerella Fischer, 1887
   Psammacoma Dall, 1900 Psammacoma Dall, 1900
   Psammotreta Dall, 1900
   Scissula Dall, 1900
   Strigilla Turton, 1822 Pisostrigilla Olsson, 1961
   Strigilla Turton, 1822 Simplistrigilla Olsson, 1961
   Strigilla Turton, 1822 Strigilla Turton, 1822
   Tellidora Mörch, 1856
   Tellina Linnaeus, 1758 Hertellina Olsson, 1961
   Tellina Linnaeus, 1758 Phyllodina Dall, 1900
   Tellina Linnaeus, 1758 Tellinidella Hertlein & Strong, 1949
   Tellinella Gray, 1853
   TellinidA Todd PPP
   Temnoconcha Dall, 1921
 Veneroidea
  Petricolidae Deshayes, 1839
   Petricola Lamarck, 1801 Naranio Gray, 1853
   Petricola Lamarck, 1801 Petricola Lamarck, 1801
   Pleiorytis Conrad, 1862
  Veneridae Rafinesque, 1815
  Agriopoma Dall, 1902 Pitarella Palmer, 1927
   Anomalocardia Schumacher, 1817
   Chione Megerle, 1811
   Chionista Keen, 1958
   Chionopsis Olsson, 1932
   Circomphalus Klein, 1953
   Clementia Gray, 1842 Clementia Gray, 1842
   Cyclinella Dall, 1902
   Dosinia Scopoli, 1777 Dosinia Scopoli, 1777
   Gouldia C. B. Adams, 1847
   Hysteroconcha Dall, 1902
   Irus Schmidt, 1818
   Lamelliconcha Dall, 1902
   Lirophora Conrad, 1863 Lirophora Conrad, 1863
   Lirophora Conrad, 1863 Panchione Olsson, 1964
   Macrocallista Meek, 1876 Megapitaria Grant & Gale, 1931
   Mercenaria Schumacher, 1817
   Parastarte Conrad, 1862
   Periglypta Jukes-Browne, 1914
   Pitar Römer, 1857 Hyphantosoma Dall, 1902
   Pitar Römer, 1857 Nanopitar Rehder, 1943
   Pitar Römer, 1857 Pitar Römer, 1857
   Pitar Römer, 1857 Pitarenus Rehder & Abbott, 1951 ?*
   Protothaca Dall, 1902 Antinioche Olsson, 1961
   Protothaca Dall, 1902 Leukoma Römer, 1857
   Protothaca Dall, 1902 Notochione Hertlein & Strong, 1948
   Protothaca Dall, 1902 SubGenA Todd PPP
   Protothaca Dall, 1902 Tropithaca Olsson, 1961
   Puberella Fischer-Piette & Vukadinovic, 1977
   Timoclea Brown, 1827
   Tivela Link, 1807 Tivela Link, 1807
   Transennella Dall, 1883
   Ventricolaria Keen, 1954
      MYOIDA
 Gastrochaenoidea
  Gastrochaenidae Gray, 1840
   Gastrochaena Spengler, 1873 Gastrochaena Spengler, 1873
   Spengleria Tryon, 1861
 Hiatelloidea
  Hiatellidae Gray, 1824
   Hiatella Daudin, 1801
   Panopea Ménard, 1807
 Myoidea
  Corbulidae Lamarck, 1818
   Bothrocorbula Gabb, 1873 Hexacorbula Olsson, 1932
   Caryocorbula Gardner, 1926
   Juliacorbula Olsson & Harbison, 1953
   Panamicorbula Pilsbry, 1932
   Serracorbula Olsson, 1961
   Tenuicorbula Olsson, 1932
   Varicorbula Grant & Gale, 1931
  Myidae Lamarck, 1809
   Sphenia Turton, 1822
 Pholadoidea
  Pholadidae Lamarck, 1809
   Hatasia Gray, 1851
   Martesia Sowerby, 1824
   Pholadidea Turton, 1819
   Pholas Linnaeus, 1758
  Teredinidae Rafinesque, 1815
   Kuphus Guettard, 1770
ANOMALODESMATA
      PHOLADOMYOIDA
 Cuspidarioidea
  Cuspidariidae Dall, 1886
   Cardiomya A. Adams, 1864 Bowdenia Dall, 1903
   Cardiomya A. Adams, 1864 Cardiomya A. Adams, 1864
   Cuspidaria Dall, 1886 Cuspidaria Dall, 1886
   Halonympha Dall & Smith, 1886
   Plectodon Carpenter, 1864
 Pandoroidea
  Lyonsiidae Fischer, 1887
   Entodesma Philippi, 1845
  Pandoridae Rafinesque, 1815
   Pandora Bruguière, 1797 Foveadens Dall, 1915
   Pandora Bruguière, 1797 Pandora Bruguière, 1797
 Poromyoidea
  Poromyidae Dall, 1886
   Poromya Forbes, 1844 Cetomya Dall, 1889
   Poromya Forbes, 1844 Poromya Forbes, 1844
 Thracioidea
  Periplomatidae Dall, 1895
   Albimanus Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935
   Periploma Schumacher, 1817
  Thraciidae Stolickzka, 1870
   Cyathodonta Conrad, 1849
 Verticordioidea
  Verticordiidae Stoliczka, 1871
   Haliris Dall, 1886 Haliris Dall, 1886
   Spinosipella Iredale, 1930
   Trigonulina d'Orbigny, 1846
   Verticordia Sowerby, 1844
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Last updated on March 27, 2001-tsa.